After the discovery of marshall and warren, research

Barry J. Marshall

and J. Robin Warren

for their discovery "bacterium Helicobacter

pylori and its role in gastritis and

ulcer" in this year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

made a remarkable and unexpected discovery that inflammation in

stomach (gastritis) and gastric

or duodenum (peptic ulcer) is the result >> << stomach infection caused by bacterium helicobacter pylori >>. << Robin Warren (born 1937), a pathologist from Perth, Australia >> << observed small curved bacteria colonizing

lower abdomen (cavity) in approximately 50% of patients

from which biopsies were taken. He made a crucial observation >> ; << that signs of inflammation were always present >> << in the mucosa of the stomach along which bacteria

seen. Barry Marshall (born 1951), a young guy clinical,

interested in the conclusions of Warren and together they started

research biopsies in 100 patients. After several attempts, Marshall succeeded in growing

previously unknown species of bacteria (hereafter denote

Helicobacter

pylori) from several of these biopsy.

However, they found that the organism was present in almost all >> << patients with inflammation of the stomach, duodenum or stomach ulcer. Based on these results, they suggested that << Helicobacter >>

pylori is involved in the etiology of these diseases. Although ulcers can be healed by inhibiting gastric acid

, they often relapse because

bacteria and chronic inflammation stomach remained. In treatment studies, Marshall and Warren, and other

revealed that patients can be cured by

ulcer disease only when the bacteria were destroyed

from the stomach. Through innovative opening

Marshall and Warren, peptic ulcer disease is no longer

chronic, often disabling condition, but the disease >> << that may be cured by a short circuit antibiotics and acid secretion

inhibitors. Ulcer disease infectious disease! This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

is Barry Marshall and Robin Warren, who with tenacity

prepared mind and challenge prevailing dogma.

Using technology generally (fiber endoscopy, silver

staining of histological sections and culture techniques

microaerophilic bacteria), they have an undeniable case that the bacteria >>

Helicobacter Pylori is

cause disease. For cultivation of bacteria They made her >> << are scientific research. In 1982, when this bacterium

discovered Marshall and Warren, stress and lifestyle

considered the main causes of peptic ulcer. Now firmly established that

Helicobacter Pylori causes

90% of duodenal ulcers and up to 80% of gastric ulcers >>. << connection

pylorus Helicobacter infection

and subsequent gastritis and ulcer was

were installed in studies of human volunteers

antibiotic treatment studies and epidemiological studies. Helicobacter Pylori Helicobacter Pylori is a spiral gram-negative bacterium >> << that colonizing the stomach about 50% of all people

In countries with high socio-economic standards

infection is much less than in developing countries

. countries where virtually everyone may be infected.

The infection is usually contracted in early childhood, often

through transmission from mother to child, and >> << bacteria can remain in the stomach for the rest of life

rights. This chronic infection starts at the bottom

part of the stomach ( antral). As first reported

Robin Warren, the presence of Helicobacter pylorus

is always associated with inflammation of the main >> << gastric mucosa, as evidenced by infiltration of inflammatory cells> ;>. << severity of this inflammation and location

in the stomach is critical for

diseases that can result from helicobacter infection. Most people

helikobakterioz flows asymptomatic. However, about 10-15% of infected people >> << a while experience peptic ulcer disease. These ulcers

often in the duodenum than the stomach itself. Severe complications include bleeding and perforation . >> << current position is that the chronic inflammatory process in >> << distal part of the stomach strattera 40mg caused by Helicobacter Pylori >> << infection leads to increased production of acid

with uninfected upper body of the stomach. This leads to the development of ulcers in the more vulnerable

duodenum. cancer associated with Helicobacter Pylori Some people Helicobacter Pylori also

impressive body region of the stomach. It >> << results in more widespread inflammation that does not attract

only ulcers in the body and stomach cancer.

This has decreased the incidence of cancer in many countries in >> << second half of last century, but still takes >> << and number two in the world in deaths from cancer.

inflammation in the gastric mucosa is a risk factor for a particular type >> << lymphatic neoplasm in stomach, MALT (mucosa

lymphoid tissue) lymphoma. Since such lymphomas may regress

, where

Helicobacter Pylori is eradicated

antibiotics, bacteria play an important role >> < <in the preservation of this tumor. Helicobacter Pylori is present >> << only in humans and adapted to the environment of the stomach. Only a fraction of infected people develop stomach

disease. After the discovery of Marshall and Warren, research

was tense. information underlying the exact pathogenetic mechanisms

ever be solved. bacterium itself is extremely diverse, and strains

differ in many aspects such as compliance >> < <gastric mucosa and the ability to cause inflammation. Even one infected person all bacteria

do not match, and during chronic infection bacteria

adapt to changing conditions in the stomach over time >> << . In addition, genetic variation between individuals may influence their susceptibility

to

Helicobacter pylori.

Not until recently, animal models was found

Mongolian gerbils. In this animal study ulcer Disease

and malignant transformation promise to give more

details on disease mechanisms. helicobacter infection can be diagnosed

on antibody tests, identifying the body of >> << biopsy taken during endoscopy, or non-invasive breath

test that detects bacterial production >> << enzymes in the stomach. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics to eradicate Helicobacter

pylori and from healthy carriers will

serious resistance of bacteria to these >> << important drugs. Thus, treatment of helicobacter pylori

be used in limited patients

without documented gastric or duodenal ulcer. microbial origin of other chronic inflammatory diseases >> <<? Many diseases in humans such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis

, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis

associated with chronic inflammation. discovery that one

the most common diseases of mankind, peptic ulcer,

a microbial cause, has stimulated search >> << microbes as possible causes of other chronic inflammatory diseases. Even though no specific answers to hand, recent data

clearly indicate that dysfunction >> << recognition of microbial products immune system can result in

in the disease. opening

Helicobacter pylorus led to a deeper understanding of the relationship between

chronic infection, inflammation and cancer